Total Saponins of Panax notoginseng Activate Akt/mTOR Pathway and Exhibit Neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo against Ischemic Damage / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To reveal the neuroprotective effect and the underlying mechanisms of a mixture of the main components of Panax notoginseng saponins (TSPN) on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) of cultured cortical neurons.@*METHODS@#The neuroprotective effect of TSPN was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometry and live/dead cell assays. The morphology of dendrites was detected by immunofluorescence. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was developed in rats as a model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. The neuroprotective effect of TSPN was evaluated by neurological scoring, tail suspension test, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) and Nissl stainings. Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to measure the changes in the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway.@*RESULTS@#MTT showed that TSPN (50, 25 and 12.5 µ g/mL) protected cortical neurons after OGD/R treatment (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Flow cytometry and live/dead cell assays indicated that 25 µ g/mL TSPN decreased neuronal apoptosis (P<0.05), and immunofluorescence showed that 25 µ g/mL TSPN restored the dendritic morphology of damaged neurons (P<0.05). Moreover, 12.5 µ g/mL TSPN downregulated the expression of Beclin-1, Cleaved-caspase 3 and LC3B-II/LC3B-I, and upregulated the levels of phosphorylated (p)-Akt and p-mTOR (P<0.01 or P<0.05). In the MCAO model, 50 µ g/mL TSPN improved defective neurological behavior and reduced infarct volume (P<0.05). Moreover, the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3B in cerebral ischemic penumbra was downregulated after 50 µ g/mL TSPN treatment, whereas the p-mTOR level was upregulated (P<0.05 or P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#TSPN promoted neuronal survival and protected dendrite integrity after OGD/R and had a potential therapeutic effect by alleviating neurological deficits and reversing neuronal loss. TSPN promoted p-mTOR and inhibited Beclin-1 to alleviate ischemic damage, which may be the mechanism that underlies the neuroprotective activity of TSPN.

A new alkaloid from Ervatamia hainanensis / 中国中药杂志

In order to study the alkaloids from branches and leaves of Ervatamia hainanensis, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC chromatography were used to obtain six alkaloids from the branches and leaves of E. hainanensis with use of. Based on the physicochemical properties and spectral data, their structures were identified as 10-hydroxydemethylhirsuteine(1), 3R-hydroxycoronaridine(2), 3-(2-oxopropyl)coronaridine(3), pandine(4), 16-epi-vobasine(5), and 16-epi-vobasinic acid(6). Among them, compound 1 was a new monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, and compounds 5 and 6 were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Triterpenoids from leaves of Ilex guayusa / 中国中药杂志

The chemical constituents from the leaves of Ilex guayusa were investigated. Sixteen triterpenoids were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of dried leaves of I. guayusa by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS column chromatographies and semi-prepa-rative HPLC. Those triterpenoids were identified by NMR, HR-MS, and literature analysis: 3β-hydroxy-11α,12α-epoxy-24-nor-urs-4(23)-ene-28,13β-olide(1), 3β-hydroxy-24-nor-4(23),12-oleanadien-28-methyl ester(2), oleanolic acid(3), 3β,28-dihydroxy-12-oleanene(4), 2α,3β-dihydroxy-11α,12α-epoxy-24-'nor-olean-4(23)-ene-28,13β-olide(5), ursolic acid(6), 3β,23-dihydroxy ursolic acid(7), 3β,28-dihydroxy-12-ursene(8), 3β-28-nor-urs-12-ene-3,17-diol(9), 3β-hydroxyurs-11-ene-28,13β-olide(10), 13β,28-epoxy-3β-hydroxy-11-ursene(11), 3β-hydroxy-28,28-dimethoxy-12-ursene(12), 3β-hydroxy-24-nor-urs-4(23),12-dien-28-oic acid(13), 3β-hydroxy-24-nor-urs-4(23),12-dien-28-methyl ester(14), 2α,3β-dihydroxy-11α,12α-epoxy-24-nor-urs-4(23)-ene-28,13β-olide(15) and 2α,3β-dihydroxy-11α,12α-epoxy-24-nor-urs-4(23),20(30)-dien-28,13β-olide(16). Compounds 1-2 were new compounds, and compounds 4-5, 7 and 9-16 were isolated from I. guayusa for the first time.

Two new pyranonaphthoquinones from Mansoa alliacea / 中国中药杂志

Mansoa alliacea,commonly known as garlic vine,is native to the tropical rain forests of South America and widely cultivated in South China. As a popular folk medicine with various biological activities,however,this plant remains to be fully elucidated in terms of its phytochemical constituents. In this study,two new pyranonaphthoquinones were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the leaves and twigs of M. alliacea by various chromatographic approaches including silica gel,octadecyl silica( ODS),Sephadex LH-20,and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography( PHPLC). Their structures were determined to be 8,9-dimethoxy-α-lapachone( 1) and 7-hydroxy-8,9-dimethoxy-α-lapachone( 2) by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and therefore respectively named as mansonin A( 1) and mansonin B( 2).

Discovery of Eucalyptin C, derived from the fruits of Eucalyptus globulus Labill., as a novel selective PI3Kγ inhibitor for immunosuppressive treatment / 中国天然药物

The fruits of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. are known to have a plenty of medicinal properties, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive activity. Our previous study found that the phloroglucinol-sesquiterpene adducts in the fruits of E. globulus were immunosuppressive active constituents, especially Eucalyptin C (EuC). Phosphoinositide 3-kinases-γ (PI3Kγ) plays a pivotal role in T cell mediated excessive immune responses. In this study, EuC was first discovered to be a novel selective PI3Kγ inhibitor with an IC

A new alkaloid from Alstonia yunnanensis / 药学学报

Four alkaloids were isolated from the total alkaloids of the twigs and leaves of Alstonia yunnanensis (Apocynaceae) by using silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and HPLC chromatography. Structures were determined by physical, chemical and spectroscopic methods and identified as N4-methylpseudoakuammigine (1), pseudoakuammigine (2), vinorine (3), picraline (4). Among them, compound 1 is a new monoterpenoid indole alkaloid.

Natural products as potent inhibitors of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in cancer therapy / 中国天然药物

Hypoxia is a prominent feature of tumors. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a major subunit of HIF-1, is overexpressed in hypoxic tumor tissues and activates the transcription of many oncogenes. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that HIF-1α promotes tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, metabolism, and immune evasion. Natural products are an important source of antitumor drugs and numerous studies have highlighted the crucial role of these agents in modulating HIF-1α. The present review describes the role of HIF-1α in tumor progression, summarizes natural products used as HIF-1α inhibitors, and discusses the potential of developing natural products as HIF-1α inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.

Alkaloid constituents from the fruits of Flueggea virosa / 中国天然药物

Three new indole alkaloids, flueindolines A-C (1-3), along with nine known alkaloids (4-12), were isolated from the fruits of Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Voigt. Compounds 1 and 2 are two new fused tricyclic indole alkaloids possessing an unusual pyrido[1, 2-a]indole framework, and 3 presents a rare spiro (pyrrolizidinyl-oxindole) backbone. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by means of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, chemical calculation, as well as X-ray crystallography. Chiral resolution and absolute configuration determination of the known compounds 4, 10, and 11 were reported for the first time. The hypothetical biogenetical pathways of 1-3 were herein also proposed.

Four new corynanthe-type alkaloids from the roots of Alstonia scholaris / 中国天然药物

Four new corynanthe-type alkaloids, meloslines C-F (1-4), together with four known ones (5-8) were isolated from the roots of Alstonia scholaris. Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited potent vasorelaxant activity on endothelium-intact renal arteries precontracted with KCl.

UPLC characteristic fingerprint of leaves of Moringa oleifera / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to establish the characteristic fingerprint of the leaves of Moringa oleifera by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) for its quality control. The method was developed on a column of Agilent Eclipse XDB-C₁₈ with acetonitrile-0.01% TFA solution as the mobile phase by gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.5 mL·min⁻¹. The detective wavelength was 210 nm, and the column temperature was 35 °C. The 14 batches of the leaves of M. oleifera were compared for the similarity by using Traditional Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System (2004A). The UPLC characteristic fingerprint was established, and twelve common peaks were identified by comparison with the references and UPLC-MS. The relative retention times were 0.08 (No. 1, adenosine), 0.14 (No. 2, L-phenylalanine), 0.22 (No. 3, 5-caffeoylquinic acid), 0.28 (No. 4, L-tryptophane), 0.42 (No. 5, 4-caffeoylquinic acid), 0.65 (No. 6, vicenin-2), 0.94 (No. 7, vitexin), 0.96 (No. 8, isovitexin), 1.00 (No. 9, isoquercitrin), 1.11 [No. 10, quercetin 3-O-β-D-(6"-malonyl)-glucopyranoside], 1.21 (No. 11, astragalin) and 1.37 [No. 12, kaempferol 3-O-β-D-(6"-malonyl)-glucopyranoside]. It is the first time to establish the UPLC characteristic fingerprint of the leaves of M. oleifera. The method is simple, quick and reproducible with high precision, which can provide a scientific basis for the quality control of the leaves of M. oleifera.

Chemical constituents from roots of Isatis indigotica / 中国中药杂志

Nineteen compounds were isolated from the roots of Isatis indigotica through silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and pre-HPLC chromatography technique. Their structures were elucidated by the MS and NMR spectra as 7-hydroxydeoxyvasicinone (1), (1H-indol-3-yl) oxoacetamide (2), 1-methoxy-1H-indole-3-acetonitrile (3), arvelexin (4), 1H-indole-3-acetonitrile (5), 1H-indole-3-aldehyde (6), 1H-indole-3-acetic acid (7), 2,3-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-indole-3-acetonitrile (8), deoxyvasicinone (9), indigotiisocoumarin A (10), cycloanthranilylproline (11), quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones (12), indirubin(13), (+)-pinoresinol (14), (+)-epipinoresinol (15), burselignan (16), (+)-isolariciresinol (17),vanillic acid (18) and 5-hydroxymaltol (19). Among them, compound 1 is a new natural product, and compound 2, 14, 15, 18 and 19 were isolated from the title plant for the first time.

Two new flavonoid glycosides from leaves of Moringa oleifera / 中国中药杂志

Two new flavonoid glycosides, quercetin-3--(4--crotonyl)--D-glucopyranoside (1) and quercetin-3--[6--(2)-pentenoyl]--D-glucopyranoside (2), along with nine known ones, isoquercetin (3), astragalin (4), quercetin-3--(6--acetyl)--D-glucopyranoside (5), kaempferol-3--(6--acetyl)--D-glucopyranoside (6), quercetin-3--(6--crotonyl)--D-glucopyranoside (7), kaempferol-3--(6--crotonyl)--D-glucopyranoside (8), vitexin (9), isovitexin (10), and isorhamnetin-3---D-glucopyranoside (11), were isolated from the leaves of Moringa oleifera by various chromatographic technologies. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, MS, and NMR. In addition, compounds 7 and 8 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Studies on alkaloids from Ervatamia pandacaqui / 中国中药杂志

To inverstigate the alkaloids from the twigs and leaves of Ervatamia pandacaqui, eleven known alkaloids were isolated by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS column chromatography, as well as RP-HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by UV, IR, MS, and NMR spectral data as coronaridine (1), 3-oxocoronaridine (2), 19S-heyneanine (3), 19R-heyneanine (4), voacangine (5), 3-oxovoacangine (6), voacristine (7), 19-epi-voacristine (8), iso-voacangine (9), coronaridine 7-hydroxyindolenine (10), and voacangine 7-hydroxyindolenine (11). Compounds 1-11 were isolated from E. pandacaqui for the first time.

A new oleanane-type triterpenoid glycoside from roots of Ilex asprella / 中国中药杂志

A new δ-oleanane-type triterpenoid glycoside, 3-O-(3-O-sulfo)-β-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid 3β-hydroxy-13(18)-oleanen- 28-oic acid 28-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (1), along with ten known triterpenoid glycosides, rotundinoside A (2), oblonganoside M (3), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl 3β,19α-dihydroxy-20α- urs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl ester (4), ilexsaponin B2 (5), ilexside Ⅱ (6), rotundinoside B (7), ilekudinoside B (8), ilexpublesnin E (9), ilekudinoside D (10) and ilexpernoside D (11), was isolated from the 75% ethanol extract of the roots of Ilex asprella by various chromatographic separation. Their structures were identified on the basis of MS, NMR spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. In addition, 2-11 were isolated from I. asprella for the first time.

Two new diterpenoid lactones isolated from Andrographis paniculata / 中国天然药物

In the present study, two new diterpenoid lactones, 3-deoxy-andrographoside (1) and 14-deoxy-15-methoxy-andrographolide (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of Andrographis paniculata. Their structures were elucidated by combination of NMR, MS, and chemical methods. The configurations of 1 and 2 were established based on the analysis of ROESY data and single crystal X-ray diffraction experiment.

Two new triterpenoid glycosides from leaves of Ilex latifolia / 中国中药杂志

Two new triterpenoid glycosides, latifolosides R and S (1 and 2), were isolated from the leaves of Ilex latifolia by various column chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated based on NMR spectroscopic data and chemical evidence.

Lignans from barks of Ailanthus altissima / 中国中药杂志

Eleven lignans were isolated from the ethanol extract of the barks of Ailanthus altissima through various column chromatography methods including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and HPLC. By physical, chemical and comprehensive spectroscopic methods, their structures were identified as (+)-neoolivil(1), prunustosanan AI (2), (7S,8R)-guaiacyl-glycerol-β-O-4'-neolignan (3), (7R,8S)-guaiacyl-glycerol-β-O-4'-neolignan (4), (7S,8R)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-1,3-propanediol(5), pinnatifidanin B V (6), pinnatifidanin B VI (7), (7R,7'R,7″S,8S,8'S,8″S)-4',4″-dihydroxy-3,3',3″,5-tetramethoxy-7,9':7',9-diepoxy-4,8″-oxy-8,8'-sesquineolignan-7″,9″-diol (8), hedyotol D (9), 5-(2-propenyl)-7-methoxy-2-(3,4-methylenediovxyphenyl)benzofuran (10), and (7R,8S,7'E)-guaiacyl-glycerol-β-O-4'-sinapyl ether(11).All of these compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Role of acetylcholine in gelsenicine-induced death in mice / 生理学报

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the acetylcholine concentration in the blood and gelsenicine-induced death in mice. Kunming mice were given intraperitoneal injections of normal saline, gelsenicine or different doses of acetylcholine chloride. Atropine was given to the mice which received gelsenicine or medium dose acetylcholine chloride injection. The blood was sampled immediately when the mice died or survived for 20 min after injection. The acetylcholine concentration and acetylcholinesterase activity in the blood were measured by the testing kits, and the mortality was calculated and analyzed. The results showed that half lethal dose of gelsenicine (0.15 mg/kg) reduced the acetylcholinesterase activity and increased the blood acetylcholine concentration. The blood acetylcholine concentration of the dead mice in the gelsenicine group was increased to 43.0 μg/mL (from 31.1 μg/mL in the control), which was lower than that (53.9 μg/mL) of the dead mice in the medium dose acetylcholine chloride group, but almost equal to that (42.7 μg/mL) of the survival mice in the medium dose acetylcholine chloride group. Atropine could successfully rescue the mice from acetylcholine poisoning, but its efficiency of rescuing the mice from gelsenicine intoxication was weak. These results suggest that gelsenicine can inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity and increase blood acetylcholine concentration, but the accumulation of acetylcholine may not be the only or main cause of the death induced by gelsenicine in mice.

A new flavonoid glycoside from leaves of Eucalyptus robusta / 中国中药杂志

A new flavonoid glycoside, (-)-2S-8-methyl-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), along with five known ones, quercetin-3-O-(2"-galloyl)-α-L-arabinoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-arabinoside (3), guaijaverin (4), trifolin (5) and hyperin (6), was isolated from the leaves of Eucalyptus robusta. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by NMR, HR-ESI-MS, CD spectra data and physicochemical methods. In addition, 2-6 were isolated from E. robusta for the first time.

Chemical constituents from the twigs and leaves of Harrisonia perforate / 药学学报

This study was performed to investigate the chemical constituents in the twigs and leaves of Harrisonia perforate. Six compounds were isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of the twigs and leaves of Harrisonia perforate by silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies and preparative HPLC. On the basis of chemical properties and spectra data, these compounds were identified as harriperfin E (1), kihadanin A (2), kihadanin B (3), 6α-acetoxyobacunol acetate (4), gardaubryone C (5), and β-sitosterol methyl ether (6), respectively. Compound 1 is a new chromone, and compounds 2-6 are isolated from this plant for the first time.